Bombus (Thoracobombus) persicus

Radoszkowski, 1881

Taxon referenced in page Bombus of Turkey
Author(s) : A. Murat Aytekin,Osman Kaftanoğlu & Didier Flagothier,Pierre Rasmont
Inside of the subgenus Thoracobombus, persicus is a very isolated species (formerly Eversmannibombus). Bombus persicus is most characteristic : its widely white coat is unique among the West-Palaearctic species. Even in flight, it cannot be mistaken for any other bumblebee. The species is endemic to Anatolia, Tanscaucasus, Caucasus, N-Iran.
In Iran Baker (1996) observed the ssp. persicus from 2150 to 3000 m. In Anatolia, Rasmont & Flagothier (1996) found the ssp. eversmanniellus from 1200 to 3500 m (n=562) with 80 % of the observations between 1770 and 2370 m. Bombus persicus frequents the subalpine and alpine steppes, and the wood-borders of the woody subalpine stage.
In Anatolia, Özbek (1983) lists Astragalus alpinus, Astragalus arenarius, Astragalus cicer, Astragalus danicus, Astragalus ornithopoides, Carduus spp., Centaurea spp., Jurinella moschus, Pedicularis comosa, Pedicularis tuberosa, Lamium album, Lamium maculatum, Onobrychis cornuta, Onobrychis sativa, Salvia aethiopis, Salvia frigida, Taraxacum sp., Trifolium pratense and Vicia cracca. For the same region, our original data include 39 flower taxa : Cephalaria cf. procera (230 observations), Anchusa leptophylla (50), Carduus sp. (20), Anchusa azurea (14), Nepeta fissa (14), Carduae sp. (11), Carduus macrocephalus (11), Anchusa undulata (10), Onopordum turcicum (10), Salvia verticillata (7), Cephalaria sparsipilosa (6), Centaurea depressa (4), Centaurea glastifolia (4), Astragalus aureus (3), Astragalus baibutens (3), Astragalus sp. (3), Onobrychis cf. stenostachya (3), Alkanna sp. (2), Medicago sativa (2), Ononis spinosa (2), Stachys iberica (2), Stachys rizeensis (2), Trifolium sp. (2), Vicia dalmatica (2), Vicia pannonica (2), Vicia villosa (2) and a single observation on Anchusa officinalis, Anchusa sp., Boraginaceae, Echium angustifolium, Onobrychis sp., Salvia sp., Salvia virgata, Stachys atherocalyx, Stachys cretica, Thymus cf. nigricus, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium pratense and Vicia cracca. Grouped by plant families, these reports amount to : Dipsacaceae (236 observations), Boraginaceae (80), Compositae (60), Labiatae (30), Leguminosae (28). A particular preference for Cephalaria cf. procera and Anchusa spp. should be noted.

Dans le sous-genre Thoracobombus, B. persicus est une espèce très isolée phylogénétiquement (ancien sous-genre Eversmannnibombus). Son pelage blanc est unique parmi les bourdons ouest-paléarctiques. Même en vol, on ne peut le confondre avec aucune autre espèce de bourdons. Il est endémique de l'Anatolie, de la Transcaucasie, du Caucase et du nord de l'Iran.
En Iran, Baker (1996) a observé la ssp. persicus de 2150 à 3000 m. En Anatolie, Rasmont & Flagothier (1996) ont trouvé la ssp. eversmanniellus de 1200 à 3500 m (n=562) avec 80 % des observations entre 1770 et 2370 m. Bombus persicus fréquente les steppes subalpines et alpines, ainsi que les lisières et les bois subalpins.
En Anatolie, Özbek (1983) liste Astragalus alpinus, Astragalus arenarius, Astragalus cicer, Astragalus danicus, Astragalus ornithopoides, Carduus spp., Centaurea spp., Jurinella moschus, Pedicularis comosa, Pedicularis tuberosa, Lamium album, Lamium maculatum, Onobrychis cornuta, Onobrychis sativa, Salvia aethiopis, Salvia frigida, Taraxacum sp., Trifolium pratense et Vicia cracca. Pour la même région, nos données originales incluent 39 taxons floraux : Cephalaria cf. procera (230 observations), Anchusa leptophylla (50), Carduus sp. (20), Anchusa azurea (14), Nepeta fissa (14), Carduae sp. (11), Carduus macrocephalus (11), Anchusa undulata (10), Onopordum turcicum (10), Salvia verticillata (7), Cephalaria sparsipilosa (6), Centaurea depressa (4), Centaurea glastifolia (4), Astragalus aureus (3), Astragalus baibutens (3), Astragalus sp. (3), Onobrychis cf. stenostachya (3), Alkanna sp. (2), Medicago sativa (2), Ononis spinosa (2), Stachys iberica (2), Stachys rizeensis (2), Trifolium sp. (2), Vicia dalmatica (2), Vicia pannonica (2), Vicia villosa (2) et des observations isolées sur Anchusa officinalis, Anchusa sp., Echium angustifolium, Onobrychis sp., Salvia sp., Salvia virgata, Stachys atherocalyx, Stachys cretica, Thymus cf. nigricus, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium pratense et Vicia cracca. Regroupées par familles, cela donne : Dipsacaceae (236 observations), Boraginaceae (80), Compositae (60), Labiatae (30), Leguminosae (28). Notons une préférence marquée pour Cephalaria cf. procera et pour Anchusa spp.

Thoracobombus altcinsi içerisinde persicus oldukça yalıtılmış bir türdür (geçmişte Eversmannibombus). Bombus persicus çok karakteristik özellikler taşır, özellikle geniş beyaz bant yapısı Batı Palaearktik'teki türler arasında benzersiz bir yapıdır. Uçarken bile başka bir bombus arısı türü ile karıştırılmayacak kadar belirgindir. Bu tür Anadolu, Transkafkasya, Kafkasya ve İran'ın kuzeyinde endemiktir.
İran'da Baker (1996) ssp. persicus'u 2150 ile 3000 m'den gözlemiştir. Anadolu'da Rasmont & Flagothier (1996) ssp. eversmanniellus'u 1200 ile 3500 m (n=562) yükseklik aralığından örneklerin %80'i 1770 ile 2370 m arasından olacak şekilde tespit etmişlerdir. Bombus persicus subalpin ve alpin steplerde özellikle ağaçlıklı subalpin düzey yakınlarındaki orman kenarlarında yaygındır.
Anadolu'da Özbek (1983) Astragalus alpinus, Astragalus arenarius, Astragalus cicer, Astragalus danicus, Astragalus ornithopoides, Carduus spp., Centaurea spp., Jurinella moschus, Pedicularis comosa, Pedicularis tuberosa, Lamium album, Lamium maculatum, Onobrychis cornuta, Onobrychis sativa, Salvia aethiopis, Salvia frigida, Taraxacum sp., Trifolium pratense ve Vicia cracca bitkilerini vermektedir. Aynı alanda bizim orijinal verimiz 38 çiçekli bitki taksasındandır: Cephalaria cf. procera (230 observations), Anchusa leptophylla (50), Carduus sp. (20), Anchusa azurea (14), Nepeta fissa (14), Carduae sp. (11), Carduus macrocephalus (11), Anchusa undulata (10), Onopordum turcicum (10), Salvia verticillata (7), Cephalaria sparsipilosa (6), Centaurea depressa (4), Centaurea glastifolia (4), Astragalus aureus (3), Astragalus baibutens (3), Astragalus sp. (3), Onobrychis cf. stenostachya (3), Alkanna sp. (2), Medicago sativa (2), Ononis spinosa (2), Stachys iberica (2), Stachys rizeensis (2), Trifolium sp. (2), Vicia dalmatica (2), Vicia pannonica (2), Vicia villosa (2) ve Anchusa officinalis, Anchusa sp., Boraginaceae, Echium angustifolium, Onobrychis sp., Salvia sp., Salvia virgata, Stachys atherocalyx, Stachys cretica, Thymus cf. nigricus, Trifolium ambiguum, Trifolium pratense and Vicia cracca'da bir gözlem. Familyalar bazında gruplandırırsak: Dipsacaceae (236 gözlem), Boraginaceae (80), Compositae (60), Labiatae (30), Leguminosae (28). Ayrıca özellikle Cephalaria cf. procera ve Anchusa spp.'nin de tercih edildiğini belirtmek yerinde olur.

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