Thrinchostoma

author(s) : Pauly A.
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Thrinchostoma 

Africa - Madagascar
Thrinchostoma spp.
Thrinchostoma de Saussure, 1891: 52. Type species: Thrinchostoma renitantely de Saussure, 1891, by monotypy; Blüthgen 1930: 495–542; Michener 1978: 507, 520, 521–525, 537–538; Michener 1997: 58; Pauly 1999: 142, 154–155; Pauly In: Pauly et al. 2001: 82–101.
Trichostoma [!] de Saussure: Dalla Torre 1896: 381, unjustified emendation of Thrinchostoma Saussure, 1891; Friese 1909: 150.
Thricostoma [!] de Saussure: Dalla Torre 1896: 641, unjustified emendation of Thrinchostoma Saussure, 1891; Blüthgen 1928: 1930.
Trinchchostoma [!] de Saussure: Ashmead 1899: 91, lapsus for Thrinchostoma de Saussure, 1891.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 523–524; Pauly 1984: 144–145; Michener 2000: 374; Pauly In: Pauly et al. 2001: 82–101.
Nesothrincostoma Blüthgen, 1933: 364. Type species: Thrinchostoma serricorne Blüthgen, 1933, by monotypy; Michener 1997: 41. syn.
Diagonozus Enderlein, 1903: 35. Type species: Diagonozus bicometes Enderlein, 1903, by monotypy; Michener 1997: 20.
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) Enderlein: Michener 1978: 525; Michener 2000: 374.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) Blüthgen, 1930: 496, 501. Type species: Halictus torridus Smith, 1879, designated by Sandhouse, 1943; Michener 1978: 523; Michener 1997: 22; Michener 2000: 374.

Diagnose. C’est un des genres de Halictini les plus caractéristiques. On le reconnaît immédiatement par la tête élancée en avant, l’espace malaire (entre le bord antérieur de l’œil et les mandibules) étant allongé. Les tibias postérieurs des mâles ont le lobe apical dilaté comme ceux des Nomiinae. La nervure entre la deuxième et troisième cellule submarginale (= 1 r-m) est marquée par un spot pilifère caractéristique, au moins chez les mâles (excepté le sous-genre Eothrincostoma). Chez la plupart des espèces, les sternites 4 ou 5 présentent des crochets ou soies épaisses. La marge apicale des tergites est ornée de soies simples dirigées transversalement (excepté les mâles de « Nesothrincostoma »).

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Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) spp.
Sous-genre Diagonozus:
Diagonozus ENDERLEIN, 1903, Berlin ent. Zeitschr., 48 :35. Espèce-type : Diagonozus bicometes ENDERLEIN, 1903, monotypie.

Ce sous-genre se reconnaît immédiatement par l’aire malaire extrêmement allongée (aussi longue que l’œil). Le proboscis (langue) est aussi très allongé. Les ailes du mâle sont ornées d’un spot pilifère comme dans le sous-genre typique. Le genre appartient à la faune des forêts afrotropicales mais vient d’être découvert récemment à Sumatra où il serait oligotrophe des fleurs d’Impatiens (voir SAKAGAMI &. al., 1991). Ces fleurs sont bien connues pour leur long cornet à nectar, ce qui pourrait être en corrélation avec l’allongement extrême de la tête des Diagnozus . En Afrique, la seule observation est la capture d’un mâle de T. lettowvorbecki sur fleur de Costus sp.n°1169 (Dr. BEQUAERT, sur étiquette).
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) bicometes (Enderlein 1903)
Diagonozus bicometes Enderlein, 1903b: 37, three male syntypes. Male lectotype : Cameroun, Johann-Albrechts-Höhe, 27.X.1895, leg. Conradt (MNHUB). Friese 1909b: 124.
Halictus (Thrincostoma) [!] bicometes (Enderlein): Schulz 1906: 239; Friese 1909a: 128, 150–152.
Halictus (Diagonozus) bicometes (Enderlein): Strand 1911: 141, 144.
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) bicometes (Enderlein): Cockerell 1908: 343; Michener 1978: 525; Medler 1980: 481; Pauly 1999: 155, 172.
Thrincostoma [!] (Diagonozus) bicometes (Enderlein): Blüthgen 1930: 495–496, 499–501, 503, 521, 536
Thrinchostoma bicometes (Enderlein): Cockerell 1910: 506; Strand 1912: 271; Cockerell 1933: 24.

Note: The type locality, Johann-Albrechtshöhe, is a former German station located in the volcanic region of NW Cameroon near Lake Barombi (4°40'N 9°24'E).
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) lettowvorbecki Blüthgen 1930
Thrincostoma [!] (Diagonozus) lettow-vorbecki Blüthgen, 1930: 497, 499, 503, 522, 536, MMM, FFF. Male holotype : R.D. Congo, Barumbu, 12.XI.1913, sur fleurs de Costus n°1169, leg. Dr. Bequaert (RMCA).
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) lettow-vorbecki Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 525.
Thrinchostoma lettow-vorbecki Blüthgen: Cockerell 1933: 24.
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) lettowvorbecki (Blüthgen): Pauly 1999: 156, 174.

Thrincostoma [!] (Diagonozus) guineense Blüthgen 1930: 536, MMM. Male holotype : Equatorial Guinea «(“Spanish Guinea”), Uelleburg, Benitogebiet, 1-14.II.1907, leg. Tessmann (MNHUB).
Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) guineensis Blüthgen : Michener 1978 : 525 ; Pauly, 1999 : 156, 173.

Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) ghesquieri Cockerell, 1933: 24, MMM. Male holotype: R.D. Congo, Yangambi, I.1925, leg. Lt. J. Ghesquière (RMCA). Michener 1978: 525; Pauly 1999: 156, 173, syn.; Michener 2000: 374.

Note: According to Blüthgen, T. guineensis may be simply a variety of T. lettowvorbecki so we preferred to place it in synonymy because the differences are minimal.
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Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) spp.
Sous-genre Eothrincostoma:
Eothrincostoma BLÜTHGEN, 1930, Mitt. zool. Mus. Berlin, 15 : 501. Espèce-type : Halictus torridus SMITH, 1879, désigné par SANDHOUSE, 1943 : 548.

Ce sous-genre ne possède pas de spot pilifère aux ailes, chez les mâles comme chez les femelles. la femelle présente de nombreuses petites dents sur le calcar interne des tibias postérieurs contrairement aux autres sous-genres qui ont une large dent lamellée au milieu. Eothrincostoma est probablement le sous-genre le plus ancestral. Il est endémique de l’Afrique tropicale.

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Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) silvaticum Blüthgen 1930
Thrincostoma [!] (Eothrincostoma) silvaticum Blüthgen, 1930: 499, 520, 530, 533, 538, FFF. Female holotype: Uganda, Tero-Walde, VII.1912, leg. C.C. Gowdey (BMNH).
Thrinchostoma silvaticum Blüthgen: Cockerell 1936: 9.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) silvaticum Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 523; Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Diagnosis. Both sexes differs from T. torridum by the number of notches on the latest segments of antennae (8 in males, 6 in females).
The male is new and resembles that of T. torridum except number of notches on flagellum. The apical lobe of hind tibiae is also a bit more curved (fig.).
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Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum (Smith 1879)
Halictus torridus Smith, 1879: 32, FFF. Female holotype : South Africa (BMNH). Friese 1911: 651; Blüthgen 1928: 164.
Thrinchostoma torridum (Smith): Cockerell 1916: 205–206; Cockerell 1920: 304–305, syn. nomiaeformis; Cockerell 1933: 23–24; Cockerell 1936: 9; Cockerell 1937: 11; Cockerell 1937: 96; Cockerell 1941: 510; Michener 1969: 490; Pesenko 1997: 479; Danforth et al. 2008: 95.
Thrincostoma [!] torridum (Smith): Blüthgen 1930: 496–497, 499–500, 516, 519–520, 531–532, 537–538, 542;
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) torridum (Smith): Michener 1978: 523; Medler 1980: 481; Pauly 1999: 155–156, 177.

Nomia producta Smith, 1875: 66, 70–71, MMM [not Nomia producta Smith, 1953]. Male holotype : South Africa, Natal, Transvaal, Zeerust (BMNH). Cockerell 1908: 145; Friese 1909: 153, 160, 161; Blüthgen 1928: 164; Blüthgen 1930: 496.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) producta (Smith): Blüthgen 1930: 537, syn.; Michener 1978: 521–522, 524; Pauly 1999: 156, 175, syn.
Nomia (Thrinchostoma) producta Smith: Friese 1941: 99.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) productum (Smith): Michener 1978b: 524 [incorrectly placed].
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) productum (Strand): Michener 2000: 370.
Thrinchostoma producta (Strand): Roubik 1989: 414.

Thrinchostoma nomiaeformis Cockerell, 1908: 145 [unnecessary replacement name for Nomia producta Smith, 1875]; Cockerell 1920: 304–305; Blüthgen 1930: 537, syn.; Pesenko 1997: 479, 502.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) nomiaeformis Cockerell: Pauly 1999a: 156, 175.

Thrinchostoma wellmanni Cockerell, 1908: 84–85, FFF. Female holotype : Angola, Benguella (BMNH); Cockerell 1908: 343; Cockerell 1937: 10.
Halictus (Thrinchostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell): Friese 1909: 128, 152.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell): Cockerell 1933: 23; Michener 1978: 523; Pauly 1999: 155, 177.
Thrincostoma [!] (Eothrincostoma) wellmanni (Cockerell): Blüthgen 1930: 496, 499, 541.

Halictus patricius Strand, 1911d: 141–142, female holotype (ZMHB, RMCA) Democratic Republic of the Congo; Cockerell 1920: 312; Blüthgen 1928: 164; Blüthgen 1930: 538; Cockerell 1937: 101.
Thrinchostoma patricius (Strand): Blüthgen 1928: 164; Cockerell 1937: 11.
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) patricius (Strand): Blüthgen 1930: 496, 499, 519–520, 530–531, 538, 541; Michener 1978b: 523; Pauly 1999: 156, 175, syn.

Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) manyemae Cockerell, 1933: 23, MMM. Male holotype : D.R. Congo, Manyema, leg. Mayné (RMCA). Michener 1978: 523; Pauly 1999: 156, 174, syn.

Thrinchostoma malelanum Cockerell, 1937: 10–11, FFF. Female holotype : D.R. Congo, Pangula near Malela, Chief Kasende, 5°40’S 23°45’E, leg. J. Bequaert (AMNH).
Thrinchostoma (Eothrincostoma) malelanum Cockerell: Michener 1978: 523; Pauly 1999: 155, 174.

Remark:
Halictus patricius Strand 1910: 141, FFF. Holotype FFF: without locality (MNHUB). The female holotype is actually a Zonalictus ! This species is therefore excluded from the genus Thrinchostoma where Blüthgen (1930 : 519, 520, 531, 538) has placed them.

The type of T. malelanum has malar area and clypeus alittle longer. It could be a distinct species, one that Blüthgen had wrongly identified as T. patricium.

Some females from Congo, Cameroon and Gabon have a black metasoma with black setae in the middle of last terga. They represent a variety or a distinct subspecies.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) spp.
Sous-genre Thrinchostoma:
Thrinchostoma DE SAUSSURE, 1890, in A. Grandidier, Histoire Physique, Naturelle et Politique de Madagascar, 20(1) : 52. Espèce-type : Thrinchostoma renitantely DE SAUSSURE, 1890, monotypie.
Trichostoma DALLA TORRE, 1896, Catalogus Hymenopterorum, 10 : 381 : 381 (émendation non nécessaire) ; FRIESE, 1909, Die Bienen Afrikas, p.150 in L. SCHULTZE, Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika, vol. 2, part. 2.
Thrincostoma DALLA TORRE, 1896, Catalogus Hymenopterorum, 10 : 641 (émendation non nécessaire).
Trinchostoma SLADEN, 1915, Canad. Ent., 44 :214 (émendation non nécessaire).
Rostratilapis FRIESE, 1914, Tijd.Ent., 57 : 26. Espèce-type : Halictus (Rostratilapis) macrognathus FRIESE, 1914, désignation de SANDHOUSE, 1943, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 92 : 597.
Nesothrincostoma BLÜTHGEN, 1933, Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, 18 : 364. Espèce-type : Thrinchostoma serricorne BLÜTHGEN, 1933 (monotypie).

Ce sous-genre regroupe toutes les espèces qui n’ont pas de tête extrêmement allongée (Diagonozus) et qui possèdent au moins chez les mâles un spot pilifère aux ailes. Le sternite 5 présente un épaississement à la base dissimulé plus ou moins sous le sternite 4, cet épaississement orné de crochets.

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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) albitarse Blüthgen 1933
albitarse BLÜTHGEN, 1933 (Madagascar)
= castaneum BENOIST, 1945 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) amanicum (Strand 1910)
Halictus (Thrinchostoma) amanicus Strand, 1910: 42–43, MMM. Male holotype : Tanzania, Amani, 22.III.2007, leg. S.G. Vosseler (MNHUB).
Thrincostoma [!](Thrincostoma [!]) amanicum (Strand): Blüthgen 1930: 496, 498–499, 504–506, 536.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) amanicum (Strand): Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 171, ? syn.

Note: contrary to the opinion of Pauly 1999 ("?" Synonymy), T. amanicum is very different from T. productum (Smith 1853).

Diagnosis. Last segment of the antennae right; scutum with very spaced punctuation; metasoma and legs orange, hind tibiae broad (Fig.).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) atrum Benoist 1962
atrum BENOIST, 1962 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) conjugens Blüthgen 1933
conjugens BLÜTHGEN, 1933 (Madagascar)
= joffrei BENOIST, 1962 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) emini Blüthgen 1930
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) emini Blüthgen, 1930: 498–499, 510, 514–515, 524, 533, MMM FFF. Male holotype : D.R. Congo, Albertville („am Westufer des Tanganijka”), leg. R. Mayné, XII.1918 (RMCA).
Thrincostoma [!] emini Blüthgen: Blüthgen 1933b: 375;
Thrinchostoma emini Blüthgen: Cockerell 1933p: 25.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) emini (Blüthgen): Michener 1978b: 524; Pauly 1999a: 155, 173.

Thrincostoma [!] telekii Blüthgen, 1930: 498, 499, 509–511, 534, MMM. Male holotype : Kenya, Westside des Aberdare Gebirge, Landschaft Leikipia, 8300ft, 1.III.1911, leg. T.J. Anderson (BMNH).
Thrinchostoma telekii Blüthgen: Cockerell 1933: 25; Cockerell 1936: 7–9.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) telekii Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 525; Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Thrinchostoma michaelis Cockerell, 1933: 25, MMM. Male holotype : Elisabethville, 1.XII.1929, leg. Dr. M. Bequaert (RMCA). Pauly 1999: 155, 173, syn.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) michaelis Cockerell: Michener 1978: 524.

Thrinchostoma undulatum Cockerell, 1936: 7–8, MMM. Male holotype : D.R. Congo, Katanga, Tenke, 30.VII-9.VIII.1931, leg. Miss A. Mackie (AMNH).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) undulatum Cockerell: Pauly 1999: 155, 177.

Diagnosis. The male antenna with only 12 segments is very characteristic. The form of the last segment of the antennae in this species is more or less straight or flattened depending of the specimens. Then T. telekii falls within variations of T. emini.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) fulvipes Blüthgen 1930
fulvipes BLÜTHGEN, 1930 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) fulvum Benoist 1945
fulvum BENOIST, 1945 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) kandti Blüthgen 1930
Thrinchostoma kandti Blüthgen 1930 : 534, MMM, FFF.
Holotype MMM : Uganda, Kampala, 29.VIII.1915, leg. C.C. Gowdey (BMNH), non examiné.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) lemuriae Cockerell 1910
lemuriae COCKERELL, 1910 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) nachtigali Blüthgen 1930
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) obscurum Blüthgen 1933
obscurum BLÜTHGEN, 1933 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) orchidarum Cockerell 1908
Thrinchostoma orchidarum Cockerell, 1908: 343, MMM. Male holotype: Angola, Benguella, I.1908 (BMNH). Cockerell 1910: 506; Cockerell 1933: 25; Cockerell 1936: 8.
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) orchidarum Cockerell: Blüthgen 1930: 496–497, 499, 504, 536.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) orchidarum Cockerell: Michener 1978: 521, 254; Pauly 1999: 155, 17

Diagnosis. Species very distinctive. Antennas of 13 segments, last segment not bent. Hind tibiae very broad and covered with a dense grey tomentum. Sternite 5 with a thick fringe of apical setae. (figs)
Female : unknown.

Matériel identifié. Malawi, 100km S. Kasungu, 29.xi.2001, 1MMM, leg. J. Halada (OOL).
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) othonnae Cockerell 1908
Thrinchostoma orthonnae [!] Cockerell, 1908: 343–344, FFF. Female holotype: Angola, Benguella hinterland, on Othonna sp., leg. Wellmann (BMNH).

Thrinchostoma othonnae Cockerell: Cockerell 1910: 506;
Thrincostoma [!](Thrincostoma [!]) othonnae Cockerell: Blüthgen 1930: 496, 499, 540–541.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) othonnae Cockerell: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 175.

Diagnosis. The type is a small female (body length 7.5 mm) similar to T. productum but the vertex is more shining and less punctuated, T1 less chagrined and with more spaced punctuation.
Male : unknown.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) perineti Benoist 1962
perineti BENOIST, 1962 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) petersi Blüthgen 1930
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) petersi Blüthgen, 1930: 499, 515–516, 535, MMM. Male holotype : Uganda : Kampala, 20.VI.1926, leg. Hancok (BMNH).
Thrinchostoma petersi Blüthgen: Cockerell 1936: 9.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) petersi Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 175.

Thrinchostoma rubrocinctum Benoist, 1957: 879–880, MMM. Male holotype : Senegal, Bignona, V.1946 (MNHNP).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) rubrocinctum Benoist: Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Diagnosis. Male. Last segment of the antennae bent at right angles. Apical margin of S5 glabrous. Apical lobe of hind tibiae longer than in T. kandti. First two tergites usually red, rarely black. Males with black metasoma can only be separated from T. kandti by the longer apical lobe of hind tibia and the S5 more largely curved.
Female :

Remarque :

The female is often confused with that of T. torridum but it can be easily distinguished by the subgeneric character of hind calcar decorated with a strong laminated tooth in the center.

Holotype T. petersi: The antennae are broken in the holotype and Blüthgen report in his original description that the antennae are broken. Blüthgen suppose that this species is close to T. productum (= T. bequaerti). But our examination of the type shows that this species actually corresponds to that Benoist later described as T. rubrocinctum! Indeed, in the holotype of T. petersi first two tergites are red and sternite 5 is hairless and shaped as in T. rubrocinctum.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) productum (Smith 1853)
Halictus productus Smith, 1853: 55, male [!]. Female holotype: Sierra Leone (BMNH). Schulz 1906: 239; Friese 1909:125, 128; Cockerell 1937: 96.
Halictus (Thrincostoma)[!] productus Smith: Vachal 1903: 393; Friese 1909: 128, 151–152.
Thrinchostoma productum (Smith): Cockerell 1908: 343–344.
Thrinchostoma productus (Smith): Strand 1912: 271.
Thrincostoma [!] productum (Smith): Blüthgen 1928: 164; Bluthgaen 1930: 496–497, 499, 537–539, 542.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) productum (Smith): Medler 1980: 481; Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 175.

Halictus (Thrinchostoma) bibundicus Strand, 1910: 43–44, MMM. Male holotype: Cameroun, Bibundi, leg. J. Weiler (Mus. Wiesbaden). Strand 1927: 62.
Thrincostoma (Thrincostoma) [!] bibundicus (Strand): Blüthgen 1930: 496–497, 499, 511–512, 514, 518, 534.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) bibundicum (Strand): Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 172.

Thrinchostoma tessmanni Strand, 1912: 271–272, MMM. Male lectotype : Equatorial Guinea (« Spanish Guinea »), Benitogebiet, Uelleburg, 1-14.II.1907, leg. Tessmann (MNHUB). Strand 1927: 114.
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) tessmanni Strand: Blüthgen 1930: 496–497.
Thrincostoma [!] bibundicum var. tessmanni (Strand): Blüthgen 1930: 517–518, 535.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) bibundicum tessmanni (Strand): Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) grisescens Blüthgen, 1930: 529, 536, FFF. Female holotype: Cameroun, Bosum (“Hinterland von Kamerun am Uamfluss), 5.V.1914, leg. Tessmann (MNHUB). Blüthgen 1930: 542, syn.
Thrinchostoma grisescens Blüthgen: Pauly 1999: 155, 173.

Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) bequaerti Blüthgen, 1930: 499, 518, 535, MMM. Male holotype: Liberia, Du River, Camp n03, 27.VII.1926, leg. Bequaert (RMCA).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) bequaerti Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 172.

Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) bequaerti var. ochropus Blüthgen, 1930: 518, 535, MMM. Male holotype: Liberia, Monrovia, 17.VII.1926, leg. M. Bequaert (RMCA).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) bequaerti var. ochropus Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 524.
Thrinchostoma ochropus Blüthgen: Pauly 1999: 155, 175, syn.

Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) vachali Blüthgen, 1930: 497, 539, FFF. Female lectotype : Gabon, Entre Sam Quito et Ndjolé, 1900, leg. J. Bouyssou (MNHNP).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) vachali Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 524–525.
Thrinchostoma vachali Blüthgen : Pauly 1998: 45; Pauly 1999: 155, 177, syn.


Thrinchostoma lualiensis Cockerell, 1939: 242, MMM. Male holotype D.R. Congo, Luali, 26.VIII.1913, leg. Dr. Bequaert (RMCA).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) lualiensis Cockerell: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 174, syn.

Diagnosis. Male. Gray black. Last segment of the antennae not bent, almost straight. Apical margin of sternite 5 glabrous. Notches on segments 8 to 12 of the antennae.
Female. Gray black. Abdomen black gray, without red spots but sometimes suffused brown. Scape of antennae entirely dark brown. Last terga with mixed clear and black setae. Tergite 1 finely striated with scarce punctures (i = 3d).

Notes :

T. bibundicum : the type has not been examined, but the color of the legs is quite variable among males of Thrinchostoma, so varieties with dark or orange legs are well conspecific.

T. tessmanni: Blüthgen separates this species according to the number of notches on the antennae. According to a photo of holotype taken at MNHUB, this seems to be an artifact. Marks begin on segmente 8 and not 6.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) renitantely de Saussure 1891
renitantely DE SAUSSURE, 1891 (Madagascar)
= insulare BENOIST, 1962 (Madagascar), syn. nov.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) sakalavum Blüthgen 1930
sakalavum BLÜTHGEN, 1930 (Madagascar)
= rugulosum BENOIST, 1962 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) serricorne Blüthgen 1933
serricorne BLÜTHGEN, 1933 (Madagascar)
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) sjostedti (Friese 1908)
Diagonozus sjoestedti Friese, 1909: 124–125, MMM FFF. Male lectotype : Tanzania, Kibonoto am Kilimandjaro, 1300-1900m, 1905, leg. Y. Sjostedt (MNHUB). Rasmussen and Ascher 2008: 100.
Halictus (Trichostoma) [!] sjoestedti (Friese): Friese 1909: 128, 152; Strand 1912: 131.
Thrinchostoma sjoestedti (Friese): Cockerell 1910: 506; Cockerell 1937: 106.
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) sjoestedti (Friese): Blüthgen 1930: 496, 498–499, 510, 513–514, 524, 533–534.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) sjoestedti (Friese): Michener 1978: 521–524; Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Diagonozus sjoestedti var. rufescens Friese, 1909: 125, MMM, FFF. Syntypes : Tanzania, Kibonoto am Kilimandjaro, 1300-1900m, 1905, leg. Y. Sjostedt, and Meru (NHRS). Rasmussen and Ascher 2008: 92.
Thrinchostoma sjoestedti var. rufescens (Friese): Cockerell 1916: 205, ?syn. torridum.
Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) sjoestedti var. rufescens (Friese): Blüthgen 1929: 29 ; Blüthgen 1930: 496, 513–514, 524, 533.
Thrinchostoma sjoestedti rufescens (Friese): Cockerell 1936: 8.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) sjoestedti var. rufescens (Friese): Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 176.

Thrinchostoma millari Cockerell, 1916: 205–206, MMM. Male lectotype: South Africa, Durban, 24.XI.1915, leg. H.M. Millar (DMSA). Cockerell 1917: 45; Cockerell 1920: 304; Cockerell 1933: 25.
Thrincostoma [!](Thrincostoma [!]) millari Cockerell: Blüthgen 1930: 496, 499, 514, 524, 534.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) millari Cockerell: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155.

Thrincostoma [!](Thrincostoma [!]) mwangai Blüthgen, 1930: 526–527, 535, FFF. Female holotype: Uganda, Entebbe, 22.viii.1911, leg. G.C. Gowdey (BMNH).
Thrinchostoma mwangai Blüthgen: Cockerell 1936: 9.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) mwangai Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 524; Pauly 1999: 155, 174.

Thrincostoma [!] (Thrincostoma [!]) ugandae Blüthgen, 1930: 526–527, 536, FFF. Female holotype : Uganda, entre Seziwa River et Kampala, 3500-3750ft, 27-31.VIII.1911, leg. S.A. Neave (BMNH).
Thrinchostoma ugandae Blüthgen: Cockerell 1936: 9.
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) ugandae Blüthgen: Michener 1978: 525; Pauly 1999: 155, 177.

Thrinchostoma umtaliense Cockerell, 1936: 8, MMM. Male holotype : Zimbabwe, Xmas Pass, Umtali, 20-21.v.1932 (AMNH).
Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) umtaliense Cockerell: Michener 1978: 525; Pauly 1999: 155.

Remarques :

T. ugandae: The type has the terga red and probably corresponds to the variety rufescens. The scutum bears few tomentum and setae on the last terga are pale.

T. umtaliellum cited in the index of Pauly (1999: 177), followed in the catalog of Urban & Eardley (2010), is a slip for T. umtaliense.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) uluguruensis Pauly & Eardley 2013
Holotype MMM: TANZANIA, « Tanganyka », territoire Bunduki, Uluguru Mts, moyen Mgeta, 1300m, 30.IV-11.V.1957, leg. P. Basilewsky & N. Leleup (RMCA).

Diagnosis: Male very similar to that of T. amanicum by the sparse punctuation of the scutum, the last segment of the antennae not curved and S5 with long setae. It differs by the legs and terga dark brown, the apical lobe of hind tibiae truncated, hind femora thinner and punctuation of scutum even finer and more spaced.
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Thrinchostoma (Thrinchostoma) upembae Pauly & Eardley 2013
Holotype MMM: D.R. CONGO, Parc National de l’Upemba (PNU), Gorges de la Palenge, 1150m, n°471a, 10-14.VI.1947, leg. G.F. de Witte (RMCA).

Diagnosis. Male. Species well characterized by the apical lobe of the tibia truncated and large basitarsi (fig.). Last segment of the antenna not bent, the segments short. S5 with a fringe of setae.
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References

Blüthgen P. 1926. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Halictus und Thrincostoma Arten (Hym. Apidae, Halictini). Zool. Jb. Syst., 51: 375-698.
Blüthgen P. 1928. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Halictus und Thrincostoma - Arten. 1 Nachtrag. Zoologische Jahrbucher Jena (Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere), 54 : 343-406.
Blüthgen P. 1930. 3. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der äthiopischen Halictinae (Hym. Apidae).- Die Gattung Thrincostoma Saussure. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologische Museum in Berlin. 15 Band ¾ Heft. 495-542.
Blüthgen P. 1931. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der indo-malayischen Halictus und Thrincostoma Arten. Zoologische Jahrbücher Jena (Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere), 61 : 285-346.
Blüthgen P. 1933. 5. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der äthiopischen Halictinae (Hym. Apid.). I. Die Gattung Thrincostoma. Mitteilungen aus dem zoologische Museum in Berlin, 18 : 363-394.
Michener C.D. & Engel M.S. 2010. The bee genus Thrinchostoma Saussure in the Southern Asian Region (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112(1): 129–139.
Pauly A. & Eardley C.D. 2013. A revision of Afrotropical Thrinchostoma de Saussure, 1890 (Hymenoptera Apoidea Halictidae) . Belgian Journal of Entomology, 2: 1-76.
Pauly A., Brooks RW., Nilsson LA., Pesenko YA., Eardley CD., Terzo M., Griswold T., Schwarz M., Patiny S., Munzinger J., Barbier Y. 2001. Hymenoptera Apoidea de Madagascar et des îles voisines. Annales du Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale (Sciences Zoologiques), Tervuren (Belgique), 286: 1-406.
Pauly, A. 1999. Classification des Halictini de la Région Afrotropicale (Hymenoptera Apoidea Halictidae). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 69: 137-196.
Sakagami, S. F., M. Kato, and T. Itino. 1991. Thrinchostoma (Diagonozus) asianum sp. nov.: Discovery of an African subgenus of long-malared halictine bees from Sumatra, with some observations on its oligotrophy to Impatiens. Tropics 1: 49–58.